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To termites, any breach of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential breach, the soldiers normally bang their heads, apparently to attract other troops for defence and also to recruit additional employees to fix any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which induces them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which is also a means to recruit extra workers.56.

The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that possess the capability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have dropped their mandibles through the course of evolution and have to be fed by employees.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids which nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellow fluid in the gland becomes very sticky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects which are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube which denies entry to any outsider.161.

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Employees use several different strategies to take care of their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse altogether.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries away a corpse in the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which approach is utilized depends on the nature of the corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These tiny brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggs, and in some circumstances the employees tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as their website glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry makes it possible for the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric browse around these guys abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to catch termites to utilize as a fresh food origin later on, rather than killing them. For example, Formica nigra captures termites, and people who attempt to escape are instantly captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis attack the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants assault underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants reside in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their own geographical range; another would be to shield themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than a one) is known.116 In rare cases, certain species of termites live inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.

Mounds may also offer shelter and warmth to birds, lizards, snakes and scorpions.56.

Termites are known to carry pollen and frequently see blossoms,177 are considered as potential pollinators for any number of flowering plants.178 One flower in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is regularly pollinated by foraging employees, and it's perhaps the only Orchidaceae blossom in the world to be pollinated by termites.177

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Many plants have developed powerful defences against termites. However, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only develop when they've passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is normally accomplished by secreting antifeedant chemicals into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.

When kept close to the infusion, they get disoriented and eventually perish.181.

Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian research investigated the termite assemblages of 3 websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the three sites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.

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